Election of 2004 essays

Election of 2004 essays November 2, 2004 will mark the date of the upcoming Presidential Election between John Kerry and George W. Bush. Its been a close race between the two men so far, and with each passing vote we get closer to the answer of everyones question, who is going to be elected for president this year!? But before you just throw in a vote for whoever is most popular, take a look at a few important issues that affect all of us, in one way or another. Who is best suited to take care and make critical decisions for our country? In my opinion, Kerry would be much more successful in office than George W. Bush has been in the past, or will ever be in the future. The first issue that needs to be taken into consideration is what each candidate can do for the state of Americas economy. Currently, the United States is devastated with an estimated 7 trillion dollar debt. Not all of this is due to George W. Bush, since our economy has a knack for spending money that we cannot afford to borrow. However, during Bushs term, he managed to catapult America into an extra $422 billion dollars of debt. One of the few things he did better than his father, however, was improve on the national budget deficit by breaking his own dads previous record. Nonetheless, Bush assures America that we are getting out of our debt issues, even though this is obviously not a true statement. According to the U.S. National Debt Clock, the average amount of debt increase per day is 1.72 billion since September of 2003, clearly a sign that a lesser debt is nowhere in sight for America. On the other hand, many republicans do not want Kerry in office for fear of more taxation . True, Kerry probably would tax Americans more than George W. Bush would, but taxes would be raised so that Americans would be supplied with better medical care, security, and better education for everyone. And although the increase of taxes is understandably a burden to t...

3 Discredited Biological Explanations for Deviancy

3 Discredited Biological Explanations for Deviancy A number of theories have tried to explain why people take part in deviant behavior, which is defined as any behavior that goes against the dominant norms of society. Biological explanations, psychological reasons, and sociological factors have all been linked to such behavior, but three of the major biological explanations for deviancy have been discredited. They posit that criminals are born rather than made, meaning that ones genetic makeup is the top reason a person engages in deviant acts. Biological Theories   Biological theories of deviance see crime and deviant behavior as a form of illness caused by distinct pathological factors. They assume that some people are born criminals or that offenders are biologically different from the general public. The logic here is that these individuals have a mental and physical defect of some sort that makes it impossible for them to learn and follow rules. This defect, in turn, leads to criminal behavior.​ Born Criminals Nineteenth-century Italian criminologist Cesare Lombroso rejected the idea that crime is a characteristic of human nature. Instead, he believed that criminality is inherited, and he even developed a theory of deviance that argued a person’s bodily constitution indicates whether one is a born criminal. These born criminals are a throwback to an earlier stage of human evolution with the physical makeup, mental capabilities, and instincts of primitive man. In developing his theory, Lombroso observed the physical characteristics of Italian prisoners and compared them to those of Italian soldiers. He concluded that the criminals were physically different. The physical characteristics he used to identify prisoners included an asymmetry of the face or head, large monkey-like ears, large lips, a twisted nose, excessive cheekbones, long arms, and excessive wrinkles on the skin. Lombroso declared that males with five or more of these characteristics could be marked as born criminals. Females, on the other hand, only needed as few as three of these characteristics to be born criminals. Lombroso also believed that tattoos are the markings of born criminals because they stand as evidence of both immortality and insensitivity to physical pain. Body Types William Sheldon was an American psychologist practicing in the early to mid-1900s. He  spent his life observing the varieties of human bodies and came up with three types: ectomorphs, endomorphs, and mesomorphs. Ectomorphs are thin and fragile. Their bodies are  described as flat-chested, lean, lightly muscled, and small shouldered. Endomorphs are considered soft and fat. They are described as having underdeveloped muscles and a round physique. They often have difficulty losing weight. Mesomorphs are muscular and athletic. Their bodies are described as hourglass-shaped when theyre female, or rectangular-shaped in males. Theyre muscular with thick skin and have excellent posture. According to Sheldon, mesomorphs are the most prone to commit crime or other deviant behaviors. Y Chromosomes This theory holds that criminals have an extra Y chromosome that gives them an XYY chromosomal makeup rather than an XY makeup. This creates a strong compulsion in them to commit crimes. This person is sometimes called a super male. Some studies have found that the proportion of XYY males in the prison population is slightly higher than the general male population, but other studies don’t provide evidence that supports this theory. Sources Gibson, Mary. Born to Crime: Cesare Lombroso and the Origins of Biological Criminology (Italian and Italian American Studies). Praeger, 2002. Rose, Martha, and Wayne Mayhall. Sociology: The Basic Principles of Sociology for Introductory Courses. BarCharts, Inc., 2000.

Evaluate the effectiveness, or ineffectiveness, of both the Compromise Essay

Evaluate the effectiveness, or ineffectiveness, of both the Compromise of 1850 and the Kansas-Nebraska Act - Essay Example Third was the Fugitive Slave provision that put all runaway slave cases under the federal control, which obviously favorable to the slave owners. Lastly it abolished the Slave Trading in Columbia which took effect on January 01, 1851. Although it brought peace and orders to some slave territories, many anti-slaves people were not in favor of the provisions that incorporated in the Compromise Act. (Bauholz, 2011). Historically, the passage of Compromise bill in 1850 had somewhat able to trim down the tensions of the four-year on going issues over slavery that divided the United States before. The bill had some specific provisions. In general, the Compromise 1850 played a very important role in delaying the American Civil War for one decade. During that time, the US Northwest part was started to boom, as well as its economy had begun to grow and develop so as its population. Eventually, it had also started to set up a good relationship to the Northeast settlers. On the other hand, the southern states had still unable to develop their economy, because of people’s lack of ability in industrialization, and the entire population was greatly dependent of slave labor and crop production. Despite the best effort made by lawmakers, slavery still remained the most controversial conflicts in the United States. The â€Å"Uncle Tom’s Cabin,† a novel written by Harriet Beecher Stowe ev en heightened the problems between pro-slave and anti-slavery territories. Until such time that the federal government finally decided to dissolve the Compromise Act. (â€Å"Compromise of 1850,† n. d.) On the other hand, the Kansas-Nebraska Act drafted by Senator Stephen A. Douglas, passed by the U.S. Congress in May 1954, which gave people prerogative to decide whether they want to continue the slavery system in the territories or not, and it was by the â€Å"popular sovereignty† or commonly known as the

To be stated Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

To be stated - Essay Example Furthermore it will analyze nonverbal communication in the afore-mentioned media text through the lens of Charles Horton Cooley’s Looking Glass Self so as to depict how nonverbal cues, which can be either facilitative or debilitative, of fellow human beings collected by an individual actually shape his identity and subsequently determine his sense of self. The concept of the â€Å"looking glass self† promulgates that self-consciousness involves continually monitoring self from the point of view of others. Cooley stated this concept of the â€Å"looking-glass self† in his book Human Nature and The Social Order: â€Å"We live in the minds of others unknowingly. This creates the â€Å"social self† which might be called as the reflected or the â€Å"looking-glass self†:â€Å"Each to each a looking-glass/Reflects the others that doth pass† (73). This consciousness of self emanating from one’s view of oneself through the eyes of another is more a product of analysis of the nonverbal cues one gathers during interpersonal communication than the actual words one hears from the mouth of one’s fellow beings. Among the many other ways in which individuals respond to fellow individuals’ nonverbal cues touch avoidance is the most striking one. Defined as â€Å"an individual’s nonverba l predisposition to generally approach or avoid touch in interpersonal interactions† ( Anderson & Sull 82). An individual’s positive or reciprocal touch response is an indication of a mutual relation of trust and connection while the opposite reaction of reciprocal touch response betrays disconnect. Likewise the extent of touch avoidance is a manifestation of interpersonal distance. The Miracle Worker, a TV remake of William Gibson’s The Miracle Worker, released by Disney Movies in 2000, films the inspirational journey of Helen Keller with special

Human rights in Iraq after the war Essay Example for Free

Human rights in Iraq after the war Essay The Americans are fairly blunt about promoting their corporate interests. A USAid spokeswoman was quoted recently pointing out that it should not come as a surprise that all of the companies short listed for work in Iraq are American. Her advice to non American companies is to pressurize their own governments. And this is driving the agenda of the European Union meeting in Brussels. President Chirac and others opposed to war have declared that while they condemn this war, they are willing to work with the UK and US on the reconstruction of Iraq. No doubt the popular sentiment in Europe favours providing support to the Iraqi people after a terrible devastation has been wrecked upon them. However, these governments are also under pressure to provide a role for their corporations in post war Iraq, a resource rich country. Thus, before the war has ended, the more divisive fight over the spoils of war has already started. In the now marginalized United Nations lies France and Germanys best hopes of making the division of the loot somewhat egalitarian. But the Americans are prepared, more than ever, to brush away the UN, and impose direct rule on iraq. The British are hoping to receive their fair share of the crumbs for their loyalty. However, this comes at the heavy cost of alienating Britain from the rest of Europe. It is likely that this battle to divide the spoils will lead to important decisions concerning the future of the United Nations as well as the future relationship between America, Britain and Europe. OREND’S THEORY ON RECONSTRUCTION ON THE BASIS OF HUMAN RIGHTS All human beings have human rights. However, human rights do not necessarily embrace anything and everything the anybody wants. Human rights are merely limited to those things which are both vitally needed and which can be provided at reasonable cost. A claim is at the core of any right, and that a claim is necessarily a claim on someone or something, in connection with some sought-after action or benefit, some good or policy. There is no such thing as a holder of a right without a correlative bearing any duty. The acts of the US and UK in Iraq after war can be considered as too much abuse to the basic human rights of the Iraqis. The Reconstruction being done to foster an economic advantage deprives the Iraqi of their basic economic benefits necessary to alleviate their lives. There is a plain disregard of a multi-aspect needs of the Iraqis for preservation, liberation, unification, democratization, and self-identity. The reconstruction projects are simply not directed towards the development and enhancement of the fundamentals of human existence and human rights. The excessive desire of the US government for profit and gains violates the basic principle of human rights, as according to Professor Orend, that is to love a â€Å"minimally decent lives†. Professor Orend holds a human right to be â€Å"a high-priority claim, or authoritative entitlement, justified by sufficient reasons, to a set of objects that are owed to each human person as a matter of minimally decent treatment†. He then asserts that to hold human rights â€Å"one must be biologically human, one must avoid violating another’s human rights, and one must have fundamental interests in, or vital needs for, living a life of minimal value. † Both formulations are valuable definitions and form a strong basis upon which to ground claims of rights. This requires a life that does not yearn for any excessive economic gains and benefits, unlike what the US Government and its cronies are manifesting. A life of simplicity within the level of a minimally decent lives requires only just enough resources to support the basic services and development of the State. It does not necessarily imply taking advantage of another’s ordeal just to promote one’s excessive economic needs. Orend shows who bears what duties in relation to human rights, questioning whether individuals or institutions are responsible for ensuring human rights. Orend concludes that both institutions and individuals bear responsibility for ensuring human rights on both a national and international level. This duty, he argues, directly correlates to one’s ability to affect human rights. So, while the duty of an individual is different from the duty of a multinational corporation, which in turn is different from the duty of a nation or international institution, all of these entities are responsible for ensuring that human rights are respected. Following on from this, Orend argues that post war reconstruction must occur via the established media of international law and governance but with the added insights of practices such as philosophy, human rights, history, public policy, and political science. It cannot be simply held and carried out purely for purposes of gains. There must be concerted and united efforts of all institutions and individuals of the word to perform their respective duty proceeding from the basic moral duty of respecting the basic dignity and rights of the Iraqis. All aspects must be duly considered in order to come up to a broader and complete plan of binging in reconstruction in Iraq. References: 1. 1. Fagan, Andrew. The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy: Human Rights. Human Rights Center: University of Essex. 2006. http://www. iep. utm. edu/h/hum-rts. htm 2. Orend, Brian. Human Rights: Concept and Context. Petersburg, Ontario: Broadview Press, 2002. http://www. du. edu/gsis/hrhw/booknotes/2004/zwiebach-2004. html.

Smoking Tobacco and the Brain :: Biology Smoke Cigarette Nicotine

Cigarette smoking, the chief avoidable cause of premature death in this country, is responsible for more than 300,000 premature deaths each year. Smoking is an avoidable cause of death. The way to avoid it? Quit smoking. But people can't quit because it's too hard -- because smoking is addictive. The Surgeon General issued a report entitled Nicotine Addiction. Throughout its 600+ pages he gives a highly detailed explanation of just why nicotine is addictive. The Surgeon General listed criteria for establishing a drug as addictive and showed how nicotine adheres to these criteria. The following are some of those criteria for determining that a drug is addictive (all information is based on US Department of Health and Human Services. The Health Consequences of Smoking: Nicotine Addiction: A Report of the Surgeon General 1988.): Users develop a compulsive use of the drug despite damage to individual or society. Smoking causes lung cancer, other cancers, chronic obstructive lung disease, heart disease, complications of pregnancy, and several other adverse health effects. Smoking has been associated with antiestrogenic effects such as earlier menopause and increased osteoporosis. Nicotine is known to enter the amniotic fluid, umbilical cord of the fetus, and the breast milk of expectant mothers. Despite these known negative effects of smoking, people continue using cigarettes. The drug is rewarding and drug seeking takes superiority over other important priorities. In a study by Henningfield, Miyasato, Jasinshki (1985) nicotine was seen to act as a euphoriant and at high doses acted similar to stimulants such as cocaine or amphetamines. Nicotine has been seen to produce other desirable effects as well. It is possible that nicotine improves attention, however most studies in this area compare smokers smoking to smokers not smoking, thus it is unsure whether smoking enhances attention or abstinence for someone who regularly smokes impairs attention. Due to a wide range of results, studies have not been able to conclusively show that smoking improves learning or memory; nonetheless, many smokers claim it does both. They also assert that smoking is relaxing and causes pleasurable feelings. Indeed studies have associated the onset of smoking during the teenage years with high levels of stress present at this time. Because smokers believe smoking to cause all of these beneficial effects, smokers will often stop what they are doing to take breaks for smoking in order to maintain the nicotine level to which their body has grown accustomed. The drug produces changes in a person’s mood that are mainly controlled by effects in the brain.

Farewell Speech Essay

We have waited for this moment all our lives, the moment when we leave our childhood behind and step into the world to forge our own paths in life. We have counted down the years, the months, the hours, minutes and seconds, and finally, and I’m very near that moment, very close to graduating High School. I find myself not a little sad, for I will be leaving behind people that shaped my life to what I am today. I will miss walking into this class room, every single day, working with my fellow classmates, making last minute speeches, playing fun imprave games with my fellow schoolmates. Most of all, I will miss the very heart of my experience as a student; my friends and my teachers. Even though my teachers aren’t all here I’d still like to thank every single Clements faculty member for all that you have taught us. Not only lessons for schoolwork but beyond the four walls of a classroom. Thank you, all my classmates, for this semester – for all the fun, the laughter and the valuable lessons we learned. Although we may be separated by time and distance, nothing will diminish the important role that each and everyone of you has done for me†¦ From the Taxi taxi dance to the interesting facts about rastafaranism to†¦ I wish you happy adventures, fantastic new friendships, amazing experiences and the journey of a lifetime and for those underclass men who are still going to Clements next year, I want you guys to know that High School only comes once in your lifetime, so why not make the most of it? Especially when we all have such a great opportunity to attend a school like this. No matter how much we may complain about attending Clements High, very few others get this opportunity.

Yahoo Case Study

Report write-up on Yahoo Case study Yahoo was conceptualized almost accidentally in 1993 by Jerry Yang and David Filo – who were pursuing their electrical engineering degree from Stanford University – while posting a list of their favorite sites on the web, got officially founded in 1994 and incorporated in the year 1995. Initially named â€Å"Jerry’s guide to world wide web†, got later named Yahoo which was an acronym for â€Å"Yet another Hierarchal Officious Oracle†.The term â€Å"Hierarchal† described how the Yahoo database was arranged, the term â€Å"officious† describing the many office workers who would use Yahoo from their work place and â€Å"oracle† suggesting a â€Å"source of wisdom†. Today Yahoo! Inc. is a multinational internet corporation best known for its web portal, search engine (Yahoo! Search, #2 in search engine market share with 6. 8% market share) and for a variety of other services, including Yaho o! Directory, Yahoo! Mail, Yahoo! News, Yahoo! Finance, Yahoo! Groups, Yahoo!Answers, advertising, online mapping, video sharing, fantasy sports and its social media website. With revenue figures of $4. 9B for FY’2011, and a market capitalization of $23. 8B, Yahoo’s success story comprises many hits and more misses. After the modest web directory started to attract large influx of visitors on a daily basis, Yang and Filo decided to make business of it by renting advertising space on the Yahoo Directory pages. Capital Investment came in from Sequoia Capital, who proposed to hire a professional CEO to drive the business forward.After a careful evaluation of a half-dozen candidates, Michael Moritz of Sequoia Capital chose Timothy Koogle, who brought 15 years of leadership experience in high-tech management. Timothy had to use great influence and persuasion skills to bring everybody on board on his vision for the company, one that would create a world connected via the web . His vision encompassed leveraging the company’s existing strength of the web directory by providing more and more compelling content and driving higher advertising revenue.At the same time, create an online platform where buyers could meet sellers, transacting safely over the internet and charging a cut of the revenue for these services provided. They also added customization features for their registered users on their Yahoo financials page so that specific companies of interest could be followed by the users. Along the way, they also helped advertisers reach out to their relevant audience better and thereby increasing the value delivered to them. The strategy was working out very well for Yahoo. Yahoo grew rapidly throughout the 1990s.It also made many high-profile acquisitions. While everything was going great for Yahoo, they failed to evaluate their strategy at that juncture. The environment they were thriving on was that of the dot-com bubble and most companies that we re sources of advertising revenue for Yahoo were the dot-com companies. When the dot-com bubble burst, most of these companies went bankrupt drying out sources of advertising revenue for Yahoo. Its stock price skyrocketed during the dot-com bubble, Yahoo stocks closing at an all-time high of $118. 5 a share on January 3, 2000. However, after the dot-com bubble burst, it reached a post-bubble low of $4. 05 on September 26, 2001. While the corporate level vision and strategy were forward looking, the business level strategy needed timely review, the lack of which brought about the downward spiral of Yahoo in a short span. Owing to a huge negative impact on the shareholders’ value, Tim Koogle resigned giving the heirs to Terry Semel, a former Warner Brothers executive.Semel’s goal was to arrest the fall in Yahoo’s revenues by diversifying from the hitherto advertising centric revenue model to subscription-based, value-added services and increasing the quality in ad vertising revenue by targeting more stable companies. This strategy was viewed as but a late reaction to the changing market landscape, something that investors expected the leadership to foresee. Terry Semel also had his share of low moments as CEO of Yahoo during the criticism he drew for cooperating with the Chinese officials to release previously confidential Yahoo information to the Chinese government.He also lost a chance to buy out Google during its nascent years, whose search engine services it used till Yahoo developed its own search engine technologies. Over the years, Yahoo also failed to catch the market trends of social, mobile, local, platform services etc. at the right times, which has resulted in diminishing market share figures in each of the spaces. While Yahoo revenue has dipped for the year 2011, the company’s financials look strong with low debt and good cash flow.Company’s new management team is betting big on mobile and connected TV businesses. M obile applications, where the company is lagging behind competitors like Google and Facebook, is a business line it must produce a turn-around performance on since the markets a trending in that direction. Marissa Mayer, former Google executive, who is now at the helm of the $5B company, would hope to bring her successful experience at Google to Yahoo to deliver the goods on the Mobile platforms business. Discussion Questions: . To what extent was the evolution of strategy at Yahoo planned? To what extent was it an emergent response to unforeseen events? Yahoo’s initial strategy during Koogle’s time of foraying into advertising and online portal for facilitating e-commerce and shopping were a planned strategy and were apt for the company with its inherent strengths. however, the portfolio diversification undertaken by Semel was an attempt to lower the risk exposure as a response to the changed business environment. 2.Could Yahoo have done a better job of anticipating t he slowdown in advertising revenue that occurred in 2000 – 2001 and positioning itself for that slowdown? How? What might it have done differently from a strategic planning perspective? In order to achieve a sustained competitive advantage, a firm must adapt to the change in the market trends. As a strategy evaluation process, yahoo could have foreseen the dot-com bubble burst as the bubble formation was a process that had initiated around ’98. Analysts highlighted the risk in staying invested with the dot-com companies.There was surplus income available with retail investors during that period, which is suggestive of a trend of higher demand of normal goods / services over inferior goods / services. Yahoo could have seen this trend and positioned itself for a niche product / service offering. 3. Does Yahoo have a source of potential long-term competitive advantage? Where does this come from? Yahoo has a good cash flow – a low debt and also a business model in p lace for buyers to meet sellers. Social Media has played a key role in penetrating the market – creating awareness of using the online medium.Yahoo has the system in place to capitalize this strength in order to optimally utilize the buyer-meet seller platform – expand it from retail presence to corporate interactions, include a model that addresses webinars for multiple industries eg pharma meet can be entirely conducted online – creating a significant cost advantage for the participants and also adding to its revenue by marginal investments that wont affect its balance sheet either. 4. What does Koogle’s resignation in May 2001 tell you about the role of a CEO in a public company?CEO’s role in a public company has evolved over the years, but in essence, remains that of a custodian of the shareholders’ value. Koogle had a very good vision and strategy for the company, which did transpire into success initially. While the formulation of the strategy may have been done well, the execution at the business level and evaluation of the strategy could have been better. Even towards the end of Terry Semel’s tenure in 2006, his salary was reduced to only $1 (with $70M worth of stock options ofcourse) due to shareholders’ dissatisfaction.

Story Structure Three Models For Your Book

Story Structure Three Models For Your Book Story Structure: Three Models for Your Book Nothing makes the challenging task of writing a novel feel more attainable than adopting a story structure to help you plot out your narrative.While using a pre-existing blueprint might make authors worry they’ll end up with a formulaic, predictable story, you’ll find that most of your favorite books can be grouped into various narrative structures that writers have been using for decades.In this post, we’ll cover three story structures you can use to bring your own novel idea to fruition. Three narrative structures you can use to bring your own novel idea to fruition. What is narrative structure?Narrative structure is composed of two things: story and plot. Whereas the  plot  is a chain of events that dictate a book,  the  story  refers to the underlying factors that drive the dramatic action. Story, then, would encapsulate the protagonists,  key conflicts, and setting of the book. Meanwhile, plot would indicate the connected plot points that make up the narrative at hand.The importance of narrative structure is in its name. If a story didn't have structure, then it would be a formless blot without a clear beginning, middle, and end. It's story structure that lends definition and comprehensibility to a narrative - which is paramount to holding a reader's attention throughout a story. We covered three popular narrative structures in our series on story structure. To explore those particular story structures further, simply head below:the Three-Act Story Structurethe Hero’s Journey (otherwise known as Joseph Campbell's Monomyth)Dan Harmon’s Story Circle A slightly less detailed adaptation of The Hero’s Journey, the Seven-Point Story Structure focuses specifically on the highs and lows of a narrative arc. The Seven-Point Story Structure is made up of:The HookPlot Point 1Pinch Point 1MidpointPinch Point 2Plot Point 2ResolutionAccording to the  Seven-Point Story Structure-creator, author Dan Wells, writers are encouraged to start at the end, with the resolution. You should have an idea of what the final state for your protagonist/plot will look like. Once you’ve got that determined, go back to the starting point - the hook - and have your protagonist/plot begin in a state that contrasts the final one. From there, fill in the rest of the five plot points to flesh out how the protagonist/plot gets from that first state to the final one.Let’s elaborate on this narrative structure using Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone as example.The HookThe start of the seven-point narrative structure is meant to dr aw readers in by explaining the protagonist’s current situation. Their state of being at the beginning of the novel should be in direct contrast to what it will be at the end of the novel.Example: The novel starts out with Harry living a neglected life in the cupboard under the stairs of his Aunt Petunia and Uncle Vernon’s home.Plot Point 1Whether it’s a person, an idea, an inciting incident, or something else - there should be a "Call to Adventure" that sets the narrative and character development in motion.Example: Hagrid arrives to tell Harry that he’s a wizard. With Hagrid, Harry escapes the Dursley’s and head off to Diagon Alley to prepare for his new life as a wizard-in-training.Pinch Point 1Things can’t be all sunshine and roses for your protagonist. Something should go wrong here that applies pressure on the main character, forcing them to step up and solve the problem.Example: A troll is found in Hogwarts on Halloween. Harry and Ro n go to find Hermione who is unaware of the troll. They end up luring it into and locking the troll in the girl’s bathroom - without realizing that’s exactly where Hermione is. Together, they take down the troll.MidpointA more apt name for this part might be â€Å"Turning Point† - as it doesn’t technically need to fall in the middle. But it does need to include the main character changing from a passive force to an active force in the novel. Whatever the narrative’s main conflict is, the protagonist decides to start meeting it head-on here.Example: Harry, Ron, and Hermione learn about the Philosopher’s Stone, and realize it’s being kept guard in Hogwarts. They also learn that Voldemort is after the stone and decide they must find it before he does.Pinch Point 2Not again! The second pinch point involves another hit to the protagonist - things go even more awry than they did during the first pinch point. Also called the â€Å"Dark N ight of the Soul,† this might involve the passing of a mentor, the failure of a plan, the reveal of a traitor, etc.Example: The trio journey through the magical protections set in place to protect the stone. Harry loses Ron and Hermione on the way, leaving him to confront Voldemort on his own.Plot Point 2Phew! After the calamity the protagonist undergoes in the Pinch Point 2, they learn that they’ve actually had the key to solving the conflict the whole time.Example: At the height of the story’s primary conflict, Harry looks in the Mirror of Erised. Because his intentions for finding the stone are pure, the stone appears in his pocket and he learns that if Voldemort touches Harry, it will harm the dark wizard and not himself.ResolutionThe story’s primary conflict is resolved - and the character goes through the final bit of development necessary to transform them from who they were at the start of the novel.Example: Armed with the discoveries the Mirror o f Erised gave to Harry, he defeats Voldemort. The seven-point narrative structure is all about the highs and lows of the narrative arc. We've said it before and we'll say it again: story structures aren't an exact science and you should feel welcome to stray from the path they present. They're simply there to help you find your narrative's footing - a blueprint for the world you're about to start building.

Cookiecutter Shark Facts and Information

Cookiecutter Shark Facts and Information The cookiecutter shark is a small shark species who got its name from the round, deep wounds it leaves on its prey. They are also known as the cigar shark,  luminous shark, and cookie-cutter or cookie cutter shark. The cookiecutter sharks scientific name is Isistius brasiliensis. The genus name is a reference to Isis, the  Egyptian goddess of light, and their species name is a reference to their distribution, which includes Brazilian waters.   Classification Kingdom:  AnimaliaPhylum:  ChordataSubphylum:  VertebrataSuperclass:  GnathostomataSuperclass:  PiscesClass:  ElasmobranchiiSubclass:  NeoselachiiInfraclass:  SelachiiSuperorder:  SqualomorphiOrder:  SqualiformesFamily:  DalatiidaeGenus:  IsistiusSpecies:  brasiliensis Description Cookiecutter sharks are relatively small. They grow to about 22 inches in lengths, with females growing longer than males. Cookiecutter sharks have a short snout, dark brown or grayish back, and light underside. Around their gills, they have a dark brown band, which, along with their shape, gave them the nickname cigar shark. Other identification features include the presence of two paddle-shaped pectoral fins, which have a lighter coloration on their edges, two small dorsal fins near the back of their body and two pelvic fins. One interesting characteristic of these sharks is that they can produce a greenish glow using photophores, bioluminescent organs which are located on the sharks body, but densest on their underside. The glow can attract prey, and also camouflages the shark by eliminating its shadow. One of the most important features of cookiecutter sharks is their teeth.   Although the sharks are small, their teeth are fearsome-looking.  They have small teeth in their upper jaw and 25 to 31 triangular-shaped in their lower jaw. Unlike most sharks, who lose their teeth one at a time, cookiecutter sharks lose the complete section of lower teeth at once, as the teeth are all connected at their base. The shark ingests the teeth as they are lost a behavior that is thought to be related to increasing calcium intake.   The teeth are used in combination with their lips, which can attach to prey through suction.   Habitat and Distribution Cookiecutter sharks are found in tropical waters in the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian Oceans. They are often found near oceanic islands.   These sharks undertake a daily vertical migration, spending the daytime in deep waters below 3,281 feet and moving toward the water surface at night.   Feeding Habits Cookiecutter sharks often  prey upon animals much larger than they are.   Their prey includes marine mammals  such as seals, whales and dolphins and large fish such as tuna, sharks, stingrays, marlin and dolphin, and invertebrates such as squid and crustaceans. The greenish light given off by the photophore attract prey. As the prey approaches, the cookiecutter shark quickly latches on and then spins, which removes the preys flesh and leaves a distinctive crater-like, smooth-edged wound. The shark grips the preys flesh using its upper teeth. These sharks are also thought to cause damage to submarines by biting their nose cones. Reproductive Habits Much of cookiecutter shark reproduction is still a mystery. Cookiecutter sharks are ovoviviparous. The pups inside the mother are nourished by the yolk inside their egg case.   Cookiecutter sharks have 6 to 12 young per litter. Shark Attacks and  Conservation Although the idea of an encounter with a cookie cutter shark is frightening, they generally present no danger to humans due to their preference for deep waters and their small size.   The cookiecutter shark is listed as a species of  least concern on the IUCN Red List. While they are caught occasionally by fisheries, there is no targeted harvesting of this species.   Sources Bailly, N. 2014. Isistius brasiliensis (Quoy Gaimard, 1824). In: Froese, R. and D. Pauly. Editors. (2014) FishBase. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species, December 15, 2014Bester, C. Cookiecutter Shark. Florida Museum of Natural History. Accessed December 15, 2014.Compangno, L., ed. 2005. Sharks of the World. Princeton University Press. 368pp.Martin, R. A. Cookiecutter Shark. ReefQuest Centre for Shark Research. Accessed December 15, 2014.

Organizational Theory Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Organizational Theory - Research Paper Example The paper is intended to provide detail descriptions about the competition of organisation with their competitors for acquiring resources. Lastly the report covers the full description of the nature of organizations and their stages of development. This essay declares that for managers the importance of resources is to develop, identify and arrange them in such a manner that it brings profit in the competitive market with higher return on capital. Resources comprise of every assets such as capabilities, information, knowledge, attributes of firm, organizational processes and so on. These resources are managed by a firm to conceive as well as apply strategies to stimulate its effectiveness and competence. As resources can be considered as heterogeneous, it varies from organization to organization. Resources are the tangible and intangible assets of the firms which are being used to implement and develop their strategies. Firms have right to use specific resources of a firm as well as country-specific resources. These resources are located in both the firm’s country of origin and other host countries where it performs the business. Human resources, financial resources and physical resources are fixed effort of any organiza tion. Administrative resources provide leadership structures for managing and leading these traditional resources. Political resources are used for government agencies and are typical to public organizations. Reputation is an important intangible resource. Labor is also a key resource of any organization.... As resources can be considered as heterogeneous, it varies from organization to organization. Resources are the tangible and intangible assets of the firms which are being used to implement and develop their strategies. Firms have right to use specific resources of a firm as well as country-specific resources. These resources are located in both the firm’s country of origin and other host countries where it performs the business (Rapp & Jackson, 2003). Human resources, financial resources and physical resources are fixed effort of any organization. Administrative resources provide leadership structures for managing and leading these traditional resources. Political resources are used for government agencies and are typical to public organizations. Reputation is an important intangible resource. Labor is also a key resource of any organization (Lee, n.d). 3.0 Impact of the Resources on the Organizational Members A variety of resources show moderately different impacts on organi zational members. Certain resources have positive and major influences on efficiency of organization’s members and others embrace negative or insignificant relationships against the performance of the organization’s members. The organizations resources comprise of human resource, financial resource, physical resource, administrative resource and political resource. All these resources have greater impact on members of the organization. The human resources of an organization bring better performance and competitive advantage to the organizations’ members. The proportion of professional employees in the firm is associated with the autonomy in human resource. As a result, professionals in human resources have positive impact on performance of members of